Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in the nervous system when you touch a hot object and quickly withdraw your hand?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for the rapid transmission of electrical impulses along a neuron, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Axon; transmits impulses away from the cell body

Question 3

A patient has damage to the oligodendrocytes in their central nervous system. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Slower propagation of action potentials due to loss of myelin

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decay with distance, while action potentials do not

Question 5

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and regulating the chemical environment around neurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 6

A person is unable to consciously control the contraction of their heart muscle. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for this involuntary control?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 7

Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as both excitatory and inhibitory, depending on the receptor it binds to?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

During the absolute refractory period, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

No stimulus, no matter how strong, can generate another action potential

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around PNS axons and assist in nerve regeneration

Question 10

A patient presents with muscle weakness and delayed reflexes. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency in acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of muscle action potentials

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the protein titin in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Holds thick filaments in place and helps the muscle fiber recoil after stretch

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between isometric and isotonic muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions move a load, while isometric contractions increase tension without changing muscle length

Question 14

Which of the following events occurs first during the process of chemical synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at the axon terminal

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) on a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, making it less likely to fire an action potential

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a neurotransmitter and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins – act as natural opiates to reduce pain

Question 17

A patient is experiencing problems with digestion and decreased heart rate during rest. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of a sarcomere during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The I bands shorten and Z discs move closer together

Nervous Tissue and Muscular System: Structure and Function

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