Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate and process information and coordinate appropriate responses.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of efferent signals. Which of the following is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

The ability to contract skeletal muscles voluntarily.

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure and function of dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites provide a large surface area for receiving local signals from other neurons.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the speed of fast axonal transport in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$, where $$v is $$velocity, $$d is $$distance, and $$t is $$time$

Question 5

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and repairing damaged tissue in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 6

A virus enters the body via an animal bite and travels to the CNS using retrograde axonal transport. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The virus moves from the axon terminal toward the cell body using dynein.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials more rapidly than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin acts as an electrical insulator, allowing action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 8

Which of the following neuron types is most commonly found in the retina and is characterized by having one axon and one dendrite?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around a single axon and assist in axon regeneration.

Question 10

A patient has damage to the gray matter of the spinal cord. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Integration and processing of information by neuron cell bodies

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a neuroglial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell – circulates cerebrospinal fluid with cilia

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated processes.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for axon regeneration in the PNS after injury?

Accepted Answer

Wallerian degeneration → Growth processes form → Regeneration tube forms → Growth directed by tube → Connection with target cell reestablished

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the somatic motor division of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It carries motor commands from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of oligodendrocytes compared to Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around multiple axons in the CNS.

Question 16

A researcher is studying the effects of a toxin that blocks anterograde axonal transport. Which of the following cellular processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of neurotransmitter vesicles from the cell body to the axon terminal

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why neurons are considered amitotic?

Accepted Answer

They lack centrioles and cannot undergo mitosis.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct functional classification for a neuron that transmits impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing debris and pathogens.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the organization of neuron cell bodies and axons in the CNS and PNS?

Accepted Answer

In the CNS, cell bodies are grouped in nuclei and axons in tracts; in the PNS, cell bodies are in ganglia and axons in nerves.

Nervous Tissue and Physiology: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards