Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory and motor commands.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the motor (efferent) division of the PNS. Which of the following effects would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary and involuntary muscle control.

Question 3

Which structural component of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving stimuli from the environment or other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 4

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

A neuron sample from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) contains unipolar neurons. What is the most likely function of these neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory information transmission

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why most CNS neurons are not replaced after injury?

Accepted Answer

They lack centrioles and cannot divide.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the blood-brain barrier

Question 8

A patient with a brain infection shows an increased number of a certain glial cell type. Which cell is most likely increased?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell, maintaining a negative resting potential.

Question 10

If the extracellular concentration of potassium ions ($$K^+) $$decreases, what effect would this have on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential would become more negative (hyperpolarized).

Question 11

Which type of gated ion channel is most abundant on the dendrites and cell body of a neuron and opens in response to neurotransmitter binding?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated (ligand-gated) channels

Question 12

A toxin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in a neuron’s plasma membrane. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

The neuron cannot generate an action potential.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between continuous and saltatory propagation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory propagation occurs in myelinated axons and is faster.

Question 14

During the generation of an action potential, what event immediately follows the rapid depolarization phase?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated potassium channels and inactivation of sodium channels

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

They shift the membrane potential closer to threshold, facilitating action potential generation.

Question 16

A neuron receives two EPSPs at the same synapse in rapid succession. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are described as 'all-or-none' events?

Accepted Answer

Any stimulus that brings the membrane to threshold will produce an identical action potential.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of acetylcholine (ACh) at a cholinergic synapse?

Accepted Answer

Opening of chemically gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of regulatory neurons in information processing?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate or inhibit activities of presynaptic neurons, altering the sensitivity of axon terminals.

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Neurophysiology

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