Q: Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}} \leftarrow \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate, process, and coordinate sensory information and motor commands

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Which of the following functions would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Control of skeletal muscle contractions

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

A neuron receives a stimulus that opens chemically gated sodium channels on its dendrites. What is the most immediate effect on the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 5

Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}} \leftarrow 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding saltatory propagation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in myelinated axons and is faster than continuous propagation.

Question 7

A patient is exposed to strychnine, which blocks glycine receptors in the CNS. What is the most likely effect on neuronal activity?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled neuronal excitation and possible convulsions

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

EPSPs move the membrane potential closer to threshold, while IPSPs move it further from threshold.

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with the neuromuscular junction and is broken down by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 10

A neuron in the CNS integrates thousands of incoming signals. Which process determines whether an action potential will be generated at the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all incoming EPSPs and IPSPs

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials more rapidly than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows local currents to jump between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up conduction.

Question 12

Which type of ion channel opens in response to physical distortion of the membrane, such as pressure or vibration?

Accepted Answer

Mechanically gated ion channel

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the refractory period of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

During the relative refractory period, the membrane is hyperpolarized and requires a larger stimulus to reach threshold.

Question 14

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most associated with mood regulation and is targeted by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 15

A patient is given a drug that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials cannot be generated

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a metabotropic effect of a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Activation of a G protein-coupled receptor leading to increased cyclic AMP

Question 18

Which of the following best describes spatial summation in a postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Summation of simultaneous stimuli arriving at multiple synapses

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the effect of a neurotransmitter depends on the properties of the receptor?

Accepted Answer

The same neurotransmitter can cause different effects depending on the receptor type present on the postsynaptic membrane.

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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