Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of communication and response time?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system provides swift but brief responses using electrical impulses, while the endocrine system provides slower but longer-lasting responses using hormones.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of motor commands to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system (SNS) of the efferent division

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They myelinate axons in the PNS and assist in axonal regeneration after injury.

Question 5

A neuron that has a single elongated process with the cell body off to the side is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Pseudounipolar neuron

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing cell debris and pathogens.

Question 8

A patient is unable to feel pain or temperature on their skin but can still move their muscles voluntarily. Which neural pathway is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Afferent fibers of the somatic sensory division

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of receptor type and the information it detects?

Accepted Answer

Interoceptors – monitor digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why damage to oligodendrocytes in the CNS can result in multiple sclerosis symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS, and their loss leads to impaired action potential conduction.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination in a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d$$

Question 12

Which of the following neural circuit patterns is most likely involved in the withdrawal reflex, where a single stimulus leads to multiple motor responses?

Accepted Answer

Divergence

Question 13

A patient has a tumor compressing the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of sensory information to the CNS

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They line the ventricles and central canal, producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of multipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

They have multiple dendrites and a single axon.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They integrate sensory and motor information and are involved in higher functions such as learning and memory.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells form a regeneration tube that guides the regrowth of the axon.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate the environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during synaptic transmission at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrival → Calcium influx → Neurotransmitter release → Postsynaptic response

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why demyelinating diseases can lead to muscle weakness and loss of coordination?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination disrupts saltatory conduction, slowing or blocking nerve impulses to muscles.

Neural Tissue: Structure and Function in the Nervous System

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