Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

It sends information to the CNS through afferent (sensory) neurons.

Question 2

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness and sensory loss. MRI reveals demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. Which disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 4

Which equation would you use to calculate the equilibrium potential for a single ion across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

Nernst Equation: $$E_{ion} = \frac{61}{z} \log \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths around axons

Question 6

What is the primary difference between graded potentials and action potentials in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials lose strength as they travel, while action potentials do not.

Question 7

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a neurotransmitter binding to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated channel

Question 8

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70 mV. If $$the membrane becomes more permeable to $$K^+$$, what will happen to the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It will become more negative (hyperpolarize).

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of kinesin proteins in neurons?

Accepted Answer

They mediate anterograde transport of organelles and vesicles toward the axon terminal.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct application of Ohm’s Law to neuronal current flow?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 11

Which glial cell type is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid and possibly acting as a source of neural stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 12

A patient has a genetic mutation that disrupts the function of voltage-gated sodium channels. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired action potential generation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells, protecting neurons from pathogens.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It can act autonomously or be controlled by the autonomic division of the PNS.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why graded potentials decrease in strength as they move away from the point of origin?

Accepted Answer

Due to current leak and cytoplasmic resistance.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of chemical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve injury repair?

Accepted Answer

They create a tube to guide regenerating axons to their target.

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of voltage-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to changes in membrane potential.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural and nutritional support to neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the conduction of action potentials along an axon?

Accepted Answer

A new action potential is generated in each adjacent segment of the axon membrane.

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

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