Question 1

Which of the following proteins is NOT found in the thin filament of a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 2

At the neuromuscular junction, which ion enters the axon terminal, allowing the release of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 3

Which region of the sarcomere does NOT change in length during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 4

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for carrying signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 5

Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 6

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$What is the primary reason for this negative resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Constant efflux of potassium ions through leak channels

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the absolute refractory period of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A period when no stimulus, no matter how strong, can trigger another action potential

Question 8

Which of the following statements about saltatory conduction is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Anchor neurons and blood vessels

Question 10

A patient has a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which glial cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS; ganglia are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 12

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily used at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 13

A local potential that brings the membrane potential closer to threshold is called:

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 14

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT terminate synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Continuous release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

Question 15

Which of the following best describes spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

Simultaneous EPSPs from multiple presynaptic neurons bring the trigger zone to threshold

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of action potentials but NOT local potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are all-or-nothing responses

Question 18

A patient presents with muscle weakness and slowed reflexes. A biopsy reveals loss of myelin in the PNS. Which cell type is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The preceding section of the axon is in its refractory period

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Act as phagocytes to remove debris

Neurophysiology and Muscle Physiology: ANP College Study Guide

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