Question 1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as a biogenic amine but NOT a catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 2

What is the primary mechanism by which acetylcholine is degraded in the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 3

Which equation represents the synthesis of acetylcholine in the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Acetyl\ CoA} + \mathrm{Choline} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{CAT}} \mathrm{Acetylcholine} + \mathrm{CoA}$$

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly released at excitatory synapses in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 5

A patient is prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for depression. What is the expected effect on neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Increased serotonin and norepinephrine levels

Question 6

Which type of cholinergic receptor produces a faster response upon acetylcholine binding?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at inhibitory synapses and opens chloride channels to produce an IPSP?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 8

What is the effect of benzodiazepines on GABAergic synapses in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Enhance GABA transmission, producing CNS inhibition

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding neuropeptides?

Accepted Answer

They require a higher frequency of action potentials for release compared to small neurotransmitters

Question 10

Nitric oxide differs from classical neurotransmitters because:

Accepted Answer

It is released immediately after synthesis and diffuses across membranes

Question 11

Which equation best represents the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Acetylcholine} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{AChE}} \mathrm{Acetate} + \mathrm{Choline}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes spatial summation in neural integration?

Accepted Answer

Postsynaptic potentials from different synapses overlap and sum at the axon hillock

Question 13

During presynaptic inhibition at an axoaxonic synapse, what happens to neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

It decreases

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is dominant in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT stored in synaptic vesicles before release?

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide

Question 16

Which equation describes the cAMP-dependent closure of potassium channels during a slow EPSP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Adenylate\ cyclase}} \mathrm{cAMP}$$

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is released from neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems and is the most abundant in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of presynaptic inhibition affecting pain perception?

Accepted Answer

Enkephalins decrease neurotransmitter release from nociceptors, reducing pain perception

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter is considered a purine and functions as a major neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 20

Which of the following drugs acts by selectively increasing serotonin levels at serotonergic synapses?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Neurotransmitters, Synaptic Transmission, and Neural Integration

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