Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize it.

Question 2

According to the MyPlate food guide, which of the following combinations best represents a balanced meal?

Accepted Answer

Half the plate with grains and protein, the other half with fruits and vegetables, plus a serving of dairy.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of soluble fiber in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Reduces blood cholesterol levels.

Question 4

A patient presents with rapid breathing and fruity-smelling breath. Laboratory tests reveal metabolic acidosis. Which metabolic process is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of ketone bodies due to increased lipolysis

Question 5

Which of the following vitamins can be synthesized by the body under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 6

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 7

Which mineral is essential for oxygen binding to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 8

A diet lacking in linoleic acid and linolenic acid would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Poor growth and skin lesions

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Functions as a coenzyme that accepts hydrogen atoms and electrons during redox reactions.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 11

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

They can accumulate in the body and cause toxicity.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why neurons and red blood cells rely almost exclusively on glucose for energy?

Accepted Answer

They cannot metabolize fats efficiently and require a constant supply of glucose.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct summary of the energy yield from the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$ ATP from substrate-level phosphorylation and $$28$$ ATP from oxidative phosphorylation, totaling $$32$$ ATP.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

Stabilizes cell membranes and is a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 15

A patient with a diet extremely low in protein is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Profound weight loss, tissue wasting, and edema due to decreased plasma protein levels

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis driven by the movement of protons (H+) down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase.

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely result of a deficiency in vitamin B12?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia and nervous system disorders

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the citric acid (Krebs) cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates NADH, FADH2, CO2, and ATP.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the body cannot store large amounts of ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is unstable and rapidly degrades if not used.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a vitamin or mineral with its major function?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K – required for synthesis of clotting proteins

Nutrition and Metabolism: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Cellular Energy Pathways

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