$$1 \text{ kcal} = 4.2 \text{ kJ}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary metabolic function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

It processes blood from the gastrointestinal tract, metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and detoxifies substances.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for breaking down glucose into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm without the use of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 3

A patient presents with bleeding gums and ulcerated skin. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence of glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport system

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

A person with a diet lacking in essential amino acids will most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired protein synthesis and possible muscle wasting

Question 7

Which of the following best defines basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

The rate of metabolism when a person is lying down, awake, not digesting food, and in a comfortably warm environment

Question 8

A child presents with tissue wasting, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and is severely underweight. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Marasmus

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a way the body loses heat?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

Which mineral is essential for blood clotting and bone formation, and its deficiency can lead to bone degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 11

A person with a high proportion of body fat and a BMI over 30 is most likely diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes cell membranes and is a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 13

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from damage by free radicals?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 14

Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids

Question 15

A patient exposed to cold temperatures develops local tissue damage with risk of necrosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Frostbite

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly converts kilocalories to kilojoules?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ kcal} = 4.2 	ext{ kJ}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a micronutrient required for enzyme function and nerve conduction?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Question 18

Which eating disorder is characterized by alternating periods of overeating and self-induced vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Bulimia

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of insulin on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is a symptom of iron deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Anemia and decreased metabolic rate

Nutrition and Metabolism: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions