Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Storage of energy reserves in the form of lipids

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which structure is most likely to be damaged?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 3

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for the resorption of bone matrix during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow Ca_{10}($$PO_4)_6(OH)_2$

Question 5

Which of the following bone markings is defined as a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 6

A child’s long bone is growing in length. Which structure is responsible for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of osteocytes in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Arranged in concentric lamellae around a central canal

Question 9

Which type of bone is the patella classified as?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 10

During endochondral ossification, what is the significance of the primary ossification center?

Accepted Answer

It is where the bone first begins to form in the diaphysis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the periosteum is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer

Question 12

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of collagen fibers in bone. Which property of bone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Ability to withstand tension

Question 13

Which vessel supplies blood to the superficial osteons of the shaft of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Periosteal vessels

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the endosteum?

Accepted Answer

Participates in bone growth, repair, and remodeling

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

Bone increases in diameter by adding new bone to the surface

Question 16

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation of mesenchymal cells, formation of ossification center, formation of spicules, trapping of blood vessels

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why radioactive materials may be found in bone tissue years after exposure?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling incorporates elements from the bloodstream into the bone matrix

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 20

A patient with a parathyroid tumor is experiencing hypercalcemia. Which of the following best explains the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Excess parathyroid hormone increases osteoclast activity, releasing calcium from bone

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions