Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of mechanoreceptors in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

Question 2

A patient presents with stabbing pain radiating down the posterior thigh and leg after a fall. Which nerve is most likely affected, and what is the likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sciatic nerve; sciatica

Question 3

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 4

Damage to which cranial nerve would most likely result in the inability to abduct the eye, causing the eye to rotate medially at rest?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about spinal nerves is correct?

Accepted Answer

Spinal nerves are formed by the union of dorsal and ventral roots.

Question 6

A patient is unable to shrug their shoulders and turn their head to the opposite side against resistance. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Accessory nerve (XI)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why damage to a single spinal nerve does not usually result in complete paralysis of a limb muscle?

Accepted Answer

Fibers from different spinal nerves crisscross within nerve plexuses.

Question 8

Which nerve is the major motor and sensory nerve of the diaphragm, and what would be the consequence of its bilateral severance?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve; respiratory arrest

Question 9

A patient with Bell's palsy exhibits paralysis of facial muscles on one side. Which cranial nerve is affected, and what is a common symptom?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII); drooping of mouth and inability to close eye

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the components of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between roots and rami of spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Roots are purely sensory or motor, while rami can carry both sensory and motor fibers.

Question 12

A patient is unable to flex their hip and extend their knee. Which nerve and spinal plexus are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve; lumbar plexus

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of cervical vertebrae ($$V_c) $$and the number of cervical spinal nerves ($$N_c$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$N_c = V_c + 1$$

Question 14

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue for taste?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 15

A patient presents with wrist drop after improper use of crutches. Which nerve is most likely compressed?

Accepted Answer

Radial nerve

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why CNS axons do not regenerate as readily as PNS axons?

Accepted Answer

CNS oligodendrocytes bear growth-inhibiting proteins and astrocytes form scar tissue.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of referred pain?

Accepted Answer

Pain in the left arm during a heart attack

Question 18

Which nerve is most likely to be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome, and what is a common functional deficit?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve; difficulty with pincer grasp

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of proprioceptors?

Accepted Answer

They respond to stretch in skeletal muscles and inform the brain of body movements.

Question 20

Which of the following is a learned (acquired) reflex?

Accepted Answer

Driving a car

Lecture - Ch 14 Peripheral Nervous System

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