$$Osmolarity = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of physiology as taught in PHY202?

Accepted Answer

The study of the dynamic nature of life processes and the inter-relations of organ systems.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of dehydration. Which physiological process is most directly responsible for maintaining fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis across cellular membranes.

Question 3

Which of the following is a key tenet of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring as integrated into the ADN program?

Accepted Answer

Focusing on patient advocacy and interpersonal teaching.

Question 4

A nurse uses the Nursing Process to assess a patient’s response to medication. Which step involves evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention?

Accepted Answer

Evaluation

Question 5

Which equation best represents the calculation of osmolarity in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

$$Osmolarity = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 6

A patient with a genetic disorder affecting membrane proteins is most likely to experience problems with which physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Transport of ions and molecules across cell membranes.

Question 7

Which feedback mechanism is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis in body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis. Which equation would be most useful in evaluating the patient’s acid-base status?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the application of evidence-based practice in nursing?

Accepted Answer

Integrating current research findings with clinical expertise and patient preferences.

Question 10

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue during exercise. Which physiological process is most directly involved?

Accepted Answer

Depletion of ATP and accumulation of lactic acid.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the brain from harmful substances while allowing selective transport.

Question 12

A nurse is monitoring a patient’s blood pressure. Which equation best describes the relationship between blood flow, pressure, and resistance?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood, reabsorbs needed substances, and secretes wastes into urine.

Question 14

A patient with a blocked sodium channel in neurons would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired generation and transmission of action potentials.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of negative feedback in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon.

Question 16

A nurse is reviewing a patient’s lab results and notes a low hematocrit. Which physiological function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen transport in the blood.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle.

Question 18

A patient with Addison’s disease has impaired hormone secretion from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary function of the liver in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of bile to emulsify fats.

Question 20

A nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory alkalosis. Which physiological change is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Decreased $$CO_2$$ levels in the blood.

PHY 202 Human Physiology – Syllabus and Course Structure (Spring 2026)

Study Guide - Practice Questions