Question 1

Which of the following changes would most effectively decrease peripheral resistance in a blood vessel, according to Poiseuille’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Doubling the vessel radius

Question 2

A patient has a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$MAP = DBP + \frac{1}{3}(SBP - DBP).$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 90 + \frac{1}{3}(150 - 90) = 90 + 20 = 110 mm Hg$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why capillary blood pressure is much lower than arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

High pressure would rupture fragile capillary walls

Question 4

If a person stands up quickly and feels dizzy, which reflex is primarily responsible for restoring their blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 5

Which hormone would most likely be elevated in response to a sudden drop in blood pressure due to blood loss?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 6

A patient with chronic hypertension is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Stroke due to vessel damage

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly relates blood flow (F), pressure gradient ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance (R)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity

Question 9

A patient is given a drug that causes vasodilation of arterioles. What is the expected effect on peripheral resistance and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreased resistance and decreased blood pressure

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly increases peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Increased cardiac output

Question 11

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to experience which type of blood pressure abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hypotension

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of the muscular pump on venous return?

Accepted Answer

It increases venous return by compressing veins during skeletal muscle contraction

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of angiotensin II on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 14

If a patient’s blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, what is their pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$110 - 70 = 40 mm Hg$$

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely be found in a patient experiencing hypovolemic shock?

Accepted Answer

Large-scale blood loss

Question 16

Which of the following statements about baroreceptors is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They adapt to sustained high blood pressure and become less sensitive

Question 17

Which of the following would be the most immediate response to a sudden increase in arterial CO$$_2$$ levels?

Accepted Answer

Activation of chemoreceptors leading to increased heart rate and vasoconstriction

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and peripheral resistance (R)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = CO 	imes R$$

Question 19

A patient with atherosclerosis has fatty plaques in their arteries. What is the most likely effect on blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Turbulent flow and increased resistance

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

Decreases blood pressure by promoting salt and water loss

Physiology of Circulation: Blood Flow, Pressure, and Resistance

Study Guide - Practice Questions