Question 1

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg. What is this patient's mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{Diastolic Pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{Systolic Pressure} - 	ext{Diastolic Pressure}).$$

Accepted Answer

$$93 mm Hg$$

Question 2

Which of the following changes would cause the greatest decrease in peripheral resistance, according to Poiseuille’s Law ($$R \propto \frac{1}{r^4$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Doubling the radius of a blood vessel

Question 3

A person stands up quickly from a seated position and feels dizzy. Which reflex is primarily responsible for restoring blood pressure to normal?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 4

Which hormone would most likely be released in response to a sudden drop in blood pressure, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); increases vasoconstriction

Question 5

If a person has chronic hypertension, which of the following is a likely long-term consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of stroke

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why capillary blood pressure is much lower than arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

High pressure would rupture fragile capillaries

Question 7

A patient is given a vasodilator that doubles the diameter of their arterioles. What happens to the resistance in those vessels?

Accepted Answer

Resistance decreases to 1/16 of its original value

Question 8

Which of the following is the most important factor in short-term regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral resistance

Question 9

A person with Addison’s disease often experiences chronic hypotension. Which mechanism best explains this?

Accepted Answer

Decreased aldosterone leads to reduced blood volume

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in vascular shock?

Accepted Answer

Widespread vasodilation after a severe allergic reaction

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula relating blood flow ($$F$$), pressure gradient ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 12

Which adaptation helps return blood to the heart in veins, despite their low pressure?

Accepted Answer

Muscular pump

Question 13

A patient has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 14

Which hormone decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and increased salt and water loss?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction

Question 16

If a person’s blood viscosity increases significantly, what is the expected effect on blood flow, assuming pressure remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow decreases

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a typical site for palpating a pulse?

Accepted Answer

Jugular vein

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of atherosclerotic plaques on blood flow?

Accepted Answer

They increase resistance by causing turbulent flow

Question 19

Which of the following is a major risk factor for primary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the indirect renal mechanism (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) in response to low blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin release → Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II → Aldosterone secretion

Physiology of Circulation: Flow, Pressure, and Resistance

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