Question 1

Which of the following is a primary effect of chronic undernutrition on reproduction in women?

Accepted Answer

Birth of small and frail infants with high risk of early mortality

Question 2

A woman with a BMI of 18 is experiencing irregular menstrual cycles and difficulty conceiving. Which physiological mechanism best explains her reduced fertility?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen and leptin levels

Question 3

Which nutrient, when supplemented at 400–600 mcg daily prior to conception, is most effective in reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs)?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Question 4

A couple is struggling with infertility. The male partner is found to have low sperm motility and abnormal sperm shapes. Which nutritional deficiency is most likely contributing to these findings?

Accepted Answer

Low zinc

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

The follicular phase is characterized by follicle growth and maturation

Question 6

A woman is planning to conceive and is advised to increase her intake of antioxidants. Which of the following is NOT considered an antioxidant that supports reproductive health?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 7

Which of the following is a Healthy People 2020 nutrition-related objective for preconception?

Accepted Answer

Reduce iron deficiency among females of childbearing age by 10%

Question 8

A man with a diet low in fruits and vegetables is found to have decreased sperm motility. Which mechanism best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Reduced intake of antioxidants increases oxidative stress on sperm

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the physiological changes during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone levels rise, thickening the uterine lining

Question 10

A woman with a history of heavy alcohol consumption is experiencing irregular periods and difficulty conceiving. Which of the following best explains the impact of alcohol on her fertility?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol can disrupt ovulation and menstrual cycles

Question 11

A 30-year-old woman is found to have low iron stores. Which of the following reproductive consequences is she most at risk for?

Accepted Answer

Irregular ovulation and possible pre-term delivery

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between body fat and fertility?

Accepted Answer

Both low and high body fat can reduce fertility due to hormonal alterations

Question 13

A man loses 20% of his usual body weight due to severe dieting. What is the most likely effect on his fertility?

Accepted Answer

Decreased sperm viability and motility

Question 14

Which of the following dietary patterns is associated with irregular menstrual cycles and reduced fertility in women?

Accepted Answer

Low-fat, high-fiber diet

Question 15

A woman is taking oral contraceptives. Which of the following changes in her blood profile is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Increased HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height^2\ (m^2)} $

Question 17

A woman is advised to limit her caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day while trying to conceive. What is the main reason for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Higher caffeine intake is associated with increased risk of infertility

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why children born to women older than 35 years are more likely to have chromosomal disorders?

Accepted Answer

Older women have more ova with chromosomal damage due to oxidation and aging

Question 19

A woman with a short luteal phase is having difficulty conceiving. Which of the following best explains her reduced fertility?

Accepted Answer

Short luteal phase limits time for fertilized egg implantation and reduces progesterone production

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of oxidative stress on female fertility?

Accepted Answer

Harm to egg and follicular development

Pre-Conception Nutrition and Reproductive Physiology: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards