Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between proteins and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, while carbohydrates do not contain nitrogen.

Question 2

A patient with severe swelling of the feet and abdomen, poor skin health, and low muscle mass is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Egg whites

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, translation, folding

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why proteins are more structurally complex than lipids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of 20 different amino acids with unique side chains, while lipids are made of repeating fatty acid units.

Question 6

A vegan athlete wants to ensure they get all essential amino acids. Which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Eat complementary plant-based protein sources, such as beans and rice, throughout the day.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of albumin in the body?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining fluid and acid-base balance

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the physical unfolding of a protein due to heat or acid exposure?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 9

Calculate the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein for a 70 kg adult. Use the formula: $$ (Weight\ in\ kg) 	imes 0.8\ g/kg $$

Accepted Answer

$$ 70 	imes 0.8 = 56\ g $$

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for initiating protein digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 11

A person consumes a diet where protein intake equals protein excretion. What is this state called?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen balance

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about protein turnover is correct?

Accepted Answer

The body continuously breaks down and synthesizes proteins, recycling amino acids.

Question 15

A patient with emaciation, poor skin health, and growth retardation due to both protein and energy deficiency is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Marasmus

Question 16

Which of the following is a risk associated with a diet that derives more than 30% of calories from protein?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a conditionally essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

An amino acid that becomes essential during certain times, such as growth or illness

Question 18

Which of the following plant-based foods is considered a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Soy

Question 19

Which protein structure level is characterized by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 20

Which of the following statements about protein and exercise is supported by scientific evidence?

Accepted Answer

Protein or amino acid supplements do not enhance exercise performance more than protein from foods.

Proteins: Structure, Function, and Nutrition

Study Guide - Practice Questions