Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrial lining reach its maximum thickness, and which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining this phase?

Accepted Answer

Secretory phase; progesterone

Question 3

Which cell type in the seminiferous tubules is directly stimulated by FSH to support spermatogenesis and secrete inhibin?

Accepted Answer

Sustentacular (Sertoli/Nurse) cells

Question 4

A patient presents with infertility due to a lack of LH production. Which of the following is the most likely direct consequence in the testes?

Accepted Answer

Decreased testosterone production by interstitial cells

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why only one functional ovum is produced from each primary oocyte during oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The other three cells become polar bodies and degenerate.

Question 6

What is the primary function of the ciliated columnar epithelium in the uterine (fallopian) tube?

Accepted Answer

To move the oocyte toward the uterus via ciliary action

Question 7

A blastocyst is characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

A hollow ball of cells with an inner cell mass and a trophoblast

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the trophoblast after implantation and is essential for maintaining the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

Question 9

During the ovarian cycle, what event is triggered by a surge in LH around day 14?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of inhibin in the regulation of gametogenesis?

Accepted Answer

It provides negative feedback to decrease FSH secretion.

Question 11

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of the corpus luteum. Which phase of the uterine cycle would be most directly affected, and why?

Accepted Answer

Secretory phase; due to lack of progesterone production

Question 12

Which of the following structures is responsible for producing testosterone in the testes?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the prevention of polyspermy after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

The oocyte undergoes a cortical reaction that blocks additional sperm entry.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of follicle development in the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Primary follicle → Secondary follicle → Tertiary (Graafian) follicle → Ovulation

Question 15

A patient is found to have a defect in the cilia of the uterine tube. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired movement of the oocyte toward the uterus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the amnion during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

It provides a fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects the embryo.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

Accepted Answer

It degenerates into the corpus albicans, leading to a drop in progesterone and estrogen.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the diploid chromosome number ($$2n) in $$humans, given the haploid number ($$n) is 23$$?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 23 	imes 2$$

Question 19

A researcher observes a solid ball of 16–32 cells three days after fertilization. What is the correct term for this stage, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Morula; it is the stage before the blastocyst forms and implants in the uterus.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the histological adaptation of the vaginal canal for its function?

Accepted Answer

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to withstand friction and maintain an acidic environment.

Reproductive System Physiology: Cell Division, Gametogenesis, and Early Development

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