Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of Leydig cells, as shown in the histological image provided?

Accepted Answer

They secrete testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation.

Question 2

In the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which hormone is directly responsible for stimulating the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

GnRH

Question 3

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the usual site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Uterine (fallopian) tube, specifically the ampulla

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the blood-testis barrier is essential for spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

It creates an avascular environment for meiotic cells, protecting them from immune attack.

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating granulosa cells to produce estradiol during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 6

A patient presents with symptoms of hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and increased risk of osteoporosis. Laboratory tests confirm cessation of menses for over a year. What is the most likely physiological explanation for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Depletion of ovarian follicles leading to decreased estrogen production

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process and significance of sperm capacitation?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the female reproductive tract and increases sperm motility and membrane fragility, preparing for fertilization.

Question 8

During the menstrual cycle, what triggers the LH surge that leads to ovulation?

Accepted Answer

A sustained increase in estradiol produced by the dominant follicle

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Production of thick, clear mucus to neutralize acidic urine in the urethra

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

It produces estradiol and progesterone to maintain the endometrium for potential implantation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during early embryonic development after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Zygote → Morula → Blastocyst → Implantation

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the vaginal mucosa is lined with stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

To protect against friction and mechanical stress during intercourse and childbirth

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of the uterine tubes not being structurally continuous with the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy and potential for oocytes to be lost in the peritoneal cavity

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by Sertoli (sustentocyte) cells and acts to inhibit FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Inhibin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of prostaglandins in seminal vesicle secretions?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate uterine contractions to help sperm move toward the oocyte.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key event that occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

Thickening of the endometrium in response to rising estradiol levels

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the fate of most primary oocytes in the ovary?

Accepted Answer

They undergo atresia and degenerate.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of estradiol during female puberty?

Accepted Answer

Growth and maturation of breasts and reproductive organs

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the slow block to polyspermy during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Release of cortical granules causing changes in the zona pellucida to prevent further sperm entry

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a critical ratio of fat to lean mass is necessary for menarche?

Accepted Answer

Adequate fat stores are necessary for estradiol synthesis and the initiation of reproductive cycles.

Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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