Question 1

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume is halved, assuming temperature remains constant?

Accepted Answer

The pressure is doubled.

Question 2

During inspiration, which of the following best describes the movement of air?

Accepted Answer

Air flows down its pressure gradient into the lungs.

Question 3

A patient presents with a collapsed lung after chest trauma. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Presence of air in the pleural cavity (pneumothorax).

Question 4

Which respiratory disorder is characterized by decreased lung compliance and vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

Restrictive disorder

Question 5

What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen ($$PO_2) in $$alveolar air?

Accepted Answer

$$PO_2$$ \approx 14\%$$

Question 6

Which equation represents the primary method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow $$HCO_3^- + H$$^+$$

Question 7

What is the effect of increased temperature on oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is released more readily from hemoglobin.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Active tissue has increased $$CO_2$$, which lowers pH and promotes oxygen release.

Question 9

A patient is hyperventilating. What effect does this have on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

Question 10

Which type of hypoxia is caused by metabolic poisons such as cyanide?

Accepted Answer

Histotoxic hypoxia

Question 11

Why is carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning so dangerous?

Accepted Answer

CO binds hemoglobin with higher affinity than $$O_2$$, preventing oxygen transport.

Question 12

What is the primary risk of breathing pure oxygen at 2.5 atm or greater?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen toxicity, leading to free radical formation and nervous tissue damage.

Question 13

A diver surfaces too quickly after breathing compressed air. What physiological problem may occur?

Accepted Answer

Decompression illness (the bends) due to nitrogen bubbles forming in blood and tissues.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar walls break down, reducing respiratory membrane for gas exchange.

Question 15

What is the effect of chronic bronchitis on the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Cilia are immobilized and decrease in number, leading to excess mucus and infection.

Question 16

Which equation best describes the relationship between pressure and volume in Boyle’s Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life scenario that could lead to hypoxemic hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

High altitude exposure

Question 18

What is the effect of exercise on respiratory muscles?

Accepted Answer

Exercise maintains the strength of respiratory muscles.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most significant cause of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Question 20

What is the term for the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin relative to its carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

Saturation

Respiratory System: Pressure, Gas Exchange, and Pathophysiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions