Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their function.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that damages both the epidermis and the entire dermis. Which type of burn is this, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; likely to destroy nerve endings and require skin grafts.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 4

A long bone grows in length at the:

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They bind to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose binding sites on actin.

Question 6

A patient is unable to extend their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

A freely movable joint with a fluid-filled cavity

Question 8

A person with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Their bones have decreased density due to loss of bone matrix.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine, depolarization of sarcolemma, release of $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$, cross-bridge formation

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply, limiting nutrient delivery and waste removal.

Question 11

A patient has a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin filaments slide past actin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 14

A person is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration as applied to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$F = m 	imes a$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of joint type and example?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint – hip

Question 17

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D is likely to experience which of the following skeletal problems?

Accepted Answer

Rickets, due to impaired calcium absorption

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption

Question 19

During the cross-bridge cycle in muscle contraction, what is the role of ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to myosin, causing it to detach from actin.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of multiple tissue types working together for a common function.

Semester 1 Exam Review Guide – Honors Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions