Question 1

Which of the following best explains why women are less likely to experience chest pain during an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to men?

Accepted Answer

Women have a higher prevalence of microvascular dysfunction and plaque erosion rather than rupture.

Question 2

A 55-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath and nausea but no chest pain. Her ECG shows ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Which of the following is most likely to occur compared to a male patient with classic chest pain presentation?

Accepted Answer

She is more likely to experience a delay in receiving appropriate treatment.

Question 3

Which of the following risk factors for cardiovascular disease is significantly more prevalent in women than men, according to the provided data?

Accepted Answer

Depression

Question 4

Based on the study materials, which of the following statements about treatment differences for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Women are less likely than men to receive early invasive procedures such as PCI.

Question 5

A hospital is evaluating its triage process for AMI patients. Which factor most increases the likelihood of a patient being assigned a low acuity triage score?

Accepted Answer

Being seen at a hospital with a high AMI caseload in the emergency department

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between age, sex, and 30-day mortality after AMI, as shown in the provided graphs?

Accepted Answer

30-day mortality increases with age for both sexes, but is consistently higher in women at all age groups.

Question 7

A diabetic patient presents with an acute myocardial infarction but reports no pain. What is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes can lead to 'silent' or painless myocardial infarction.

Question 8

Which of the following is a significant contributor to the delay in seeking care for AMI among women compared to men?

Accepted Answer

Women tend to report symptoms about 30 minutes later than men.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why sex differences in CVD outcomes persist even after accounting for differences in symptom presentation?

Accepted Answer

Women receive different treatment options and lower rates of intervention for AMI.

Question 10

A 60-year-old woman and a 60-year-old man both present with AMI. Based on the data, which of the following is most likely true regarding their treatment and outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The woman is less likely to receive PCI and more likely to have higher 30-day mortality.

Question 11

Which of the following is a plausible reason for the observed sex differences in central pain processing during AMI?

Accepted Answer

Differences in autonomic and sensory integration between men and women.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is supported by the provided data?

Accepted Answer

The prevalence of CVD increases with age for both men and women, but women surpass men in older age groups.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key reason why research on CVD in transgender and gender-diverse populations is limited?

Accepted Answer

Most studies focus on sex as a biological factor rather than gender diversity.

Question 14

A patient with a history of AMI and chronic angina is more likely to experience which of the following regarding delay in seeking care?

Accepted Answer

Decreased delay in seeking care due to increased awareness of symptoms.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the impact of socioeconomic status on delay in seeking care for AMI?

Accepted Answer

Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased delay in seeking care.

Question 16

Which of the following medications is prescribed at a lower rate to women compared to men after AMI, according to the data?

Accepted Answer

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors

Question 17

A 70-year-old woman with diabetes and hypertension presents with AMI. Which combination of risk factors most likely contributes to her increased risk and atypical presentation?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes, hypertension, and central pain processing differences

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of percent mortality in a given age-sex group, as shown in the graphs?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percent Mortality} = \frac{	ext{Number of Deaths in Group}}{	ext{Total Number in Group}} 	imes 100$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world implication of women receiving less timely reperfusion therapy (e.g., DTN ≤ 30 min) after AMI?

Accepted Answer

Women have higher short-term mortality rates after AMI.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards