Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones such as insulin

Question 2

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption and remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 3

A patient presents with bowed legs and a caved-in rib cage. Laboratory tests reveal low calcium levels. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms within a cartilage model that is gradually replaced by bone tissue

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A 12-year-old patient is diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Low growth hormone secretion before ossification of the epiphyseal plates

Question 7

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of compact bone compared to spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Presence of osteons (Haversian systems)

Question 8

Which type of synovial joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball and socket joint

Question 9

A patient suffers a fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces. What is the correct term for this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

Comminuted fracture

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is a dense fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bones, containing osteogenic cells for bone growth and repair

Question 11

Which of the following movements describes turning the palm upward or anteriorly?

Accepted Answer

Supination

Question 12

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, increasing their overlap and shortening the sarcomere

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between slow (red) and fast (white) skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Slow fibers have more myoglobin and mitochondria, making them more resistant to fatigue

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction

Question 16

A patient is unable to relax their muscles after exposure to a certain pesticide. Which enzyme is most likely inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Intercalated disks for rapid communication

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a sprain and a strain?

Accepted Answer

A sprain involves injury to ligaments, while a strain involves injury to muscle or tendon

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why astronauts experience bone atrophy during extended periods in microgravity?

Accepted Answer

Lack of physical stress on bones reduces osteoblast activity and increases bone resorption

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 36	ext{ATP}$$

Skeletal and Muscle Systems: Structure, Function, and Organization

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