Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

It covers the body surface and provides protection from mechanical, chemical, and microbial damage.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish tinge to their lips and fingertips. Which condition is most likely present, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis; lack of oxygen within hemoglobin

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in the thick skin of the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Producing pigment that protects against UV radiation

Question 5

A burn patient is evaluated using the 'rule of nines.' What is the primary purpose of this rule?

Accepted Answer

To determine the percentage of body surface area affected by burns

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of areolar connective tissue, forms dermal papillae, and contains capillary loops that nourish the epidermis.

Question 7

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing a watery secretion important in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 8

A patient develops yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which diagnosis is most likely, and what is the physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice; accumulation of bile pigments due to liver dysfunction

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of hair?

Accepted Answer

The cuticle contains the most keratin and provides strength to the hair.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why bed sores (decubitus ulcers) develop in immobilized patients?

Accepted Answer

Restricted blood flow causes rapid cell death in the skin and underlying tissues.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of simple squamous epithelium resting on areolar connective tissue.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 13

A patient presents with a rapidly growing, irregularly pigmented skin lesion. Which type of skin cancer should be most suspected, and what rule is used for assessment?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma; ABCDE rule

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of dendritic cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They alert and activate immune cells to the presence of pathogens.

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation for the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Total Burn Area} = (	ext{Anterior trunk} 	imes 18\%) + (	ext{Each arm} 	imes 9\%) + (	ext{Each leg} 	imes 18\%) + (	ext{Head and neck} 	imes 9\%) + (	ext{Perineum} 	imes 1\%) $$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are more numerous and secrete a watery fluid important for heat regulation, while apocrine glands are found in the armpits/genitals and secrete fatty acids and proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the lunule of the nail may appear blue in a patient with cyanosis?

Accepted Answer

The lunule is less vascularized, so changes in blood oxygenation are more visible.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial in thick skin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 19

A patient with a third-degree burn is at greatest risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Loss of fluid and infection

Skin and Body Membranes: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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