Q: Which equation is used to estimate the total body surface area affected by burns in adults, according to the 'rule of nines'?

$$ \text{Total BSA} = 9\% \times 11 + 1\% $$

Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between sweat gland activity and heat loss during exercise?

$$ \text{Heat loss} \propto \text{Sweat gland activity} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the lamina propria in mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

It is the fibrous connective tissue layer that supports the epithelium.

Question 2

A patient presents with patchy areas of light skin on the forehead, as shown in the image. Which condition is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Vitiligo

Question 3

Which membrane lines the joint cavities and produces synovial fluid to reduce friction between bones?

Accepted Answer

Synovial membrane

Question 4

In the skin diagram, which layer is responsible for the production of new epidermal cells and contains melanocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum germinativum

Question 5

A burn patient has complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis, and the area is initially insensitive to pain. Which classification of burn does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 6

Which equation is used to estimate the total body surface area affected by burns in adults, according to the 'rule of nines'?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Total BSA} = 9\% 	imes 11 + 1\% $$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the skin that involves the elimination of waste products such as uric acid and ammonia?

Accepted Answer

Excretion

Question 8

A newborn presents with a red, raised lesion resembling a strawberry on the forehead. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Strawberry hemangioma

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why thick skin has parallel friction ridges and no hairs, while thin skin has irregular grooves and hair?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin is adapted for areas subject to friction, such as palms and soles.

Question 10

Which structure in the skin is responsible for detecting light touch?

Accepted Answer

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscle

Question 11

A patient with a hereditary condition has a total lack of melanin pigment in the skin and eyes. What is the name of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Albinism

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Transportation

Question 13

Which skin gland is most numerous and plays a major role in body heat regulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 14

A patient presents with silvery white, scale-like plaques on the elbows and knees. Which skin disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Psoriasis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of skin repair after a cut?

Accepted Answer

Blood clot forms, germinativum cells grow laterally, fibroblasts repair fibers, clot dissolves, new epithelium forms.

Question 16

Which of the following is the most serious form of skin cancer, often associated with a nevus (mole) and high mortality if untreated?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between sweat gland activity and heat loss during exercise?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Heat loss} \propto 	ext{Sweat gland activity} $$

Question 18

Which of the following is a depressed lesion that results from missing epidermis, such as a scratch?

Accepted Answer

Excoriation

Question 19

A patient receives a subcutaneous injection of insulin. Which tissue layer is targeted for this injection?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 20

Which of the following skin conditions is associated with purple lesions and is commonly seen in patients with AIDS?

Accepted Answer

Kaposi sarcoma

Skin and Membranes: Structure, Function, and Clinical Correlates

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