Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the capillary filtration coefficient ($$K_f) in $$the context of Starling forces?

Accepted Answer

It measures the permeability and surface area of the capillary wall for fluid exchange.

Question 2

A patient with severe hypoalbuminemia (low plasma protein) is likely to develop edema due to which change in Starling forces?

Accepted Answer

Decreased capillary oncotic pressure

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net fluid movement ($$J_v) $$across a capillary wall according to Starling’s law?

Accepted Answer

$$J_v = K_f \left[ (P_c - P_i) - (\pi_c - \pi_i) \right]$$

Question 4

At the arteriolar end of a capillary, the net filtration pressure is positive. What does this indicate about fluid movement?

Accepted Answer

Fluid is moving from the capillary into the interstitial space.

Question 5

Which of the following would most likely increase the amount of interstitial fluid (ISF) in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increased venous pressure

Question 6

If the capillary hydrostatic pressure ($$P_c) is 37 $$mmHg, the interstitial hydrostatic pressure ($$P_i) is 1 $$mmHg, and the capillary oncotic pressure ($$\pi_c) is 25 $$mmHg, what is the net filtration pressure at the arteriolar end (assuming $$\pi_i is $$negligible)?

Accepted Answer

$$11$$ mmHg outward

Question 7

Which barrier separates the extracellular fluid (ECF) from the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 8

A patient has increased capillary permeability due to inflammation. Which Starling force parameter is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Capillary filtration coefficient ($$K_f)$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why only about 85% of filtered fluid is reabsorbed into capillaries, with the remainder returning via lymphatics?

Accepted Answer

A small excess of filtration over reabsorption is collected by lymphatic vessels.

Question 10

Which of the following changes would most likely decrease capillary filtration?

Accepted Answer

Precapillary constriction

Question 11

Which Starling force is primarily responsible for pulling fluid back into the capillary at the venular end?

Accepted Answer

Capillary oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure

Question 12

A patient with right-sided heart failure develops peripheral edema. Which Starling force is most likely increased in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing the capillary filtration coefficient ($$K_f) in a $$tissue?

Accepted Answer

It increases the ease with which fluid moves across the capillary wall.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for pressure ($$P) in $$terms of force ($$F) $$and area ($$A$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{F}{A}$$

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely occur if the lymphatic system is blocked?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of excess interstitial fluid (edema)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why plasma proteins are important in maintaining fluid balance across capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They create oncotic pressure that pulls water into the capillaries.

Question 17

If postcapillary venular resistance increases, what is the expected effect on capillary filtration?

Accepted Answer

Filtration increases due to higher capillary pressure.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of increased capillary filtration due to altered Starling forces?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction causing increased capillary permeability

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the movement of oxygen and glucose across the capillary wall?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely result from a decrease in plasma protein concentration?

Accepted Answer

Increased movement of fluid into the interstitial space

Starling Forces and Formation of Interstitial Fluid

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