Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system as shown in the provided materials?

Accepted Answer

Produce hormones

Question 2

The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones. Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 3

Which bone type is characterized by thin, roughly parallel surfaces and is primarily involved in protection and muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 4

A bone found within tendons, such as the patella, is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 5

Which bone marking is defined as a small, rounded projection?

Accepted Answer

Tubercle

Question 6

The diaphysis of a long bone contains the medullary cavity. What is the primary function of the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

Storage of bone marrow

Question 7

Which cell type is responsible for producing new bone matrix and becomes an osteocyte once surrounded by matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 8

If the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone increases, what would be the expected effect on bone properties?

Accepted Answer

Bone would become more flexible

Question 9

Which structure is the functional unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae around a central canal?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 10

During appositional bone growth, what happens to the medullary cavity as the bone diameter increases?

Accepted Answer

It enlarges

Question 11

Which process describes the replacement of a cartilage model with bone, as seen in the development of most long bones?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 12

What is the primary difference between endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification replaces cartilage with bone, while intramembranous ossification forms bone directly from connective tissue

Question 13

Which disorder is characterized by excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilages, resulting in tall stature and long limbs?

Accepted Answer

Marfan syndrome

Question 14

A patient presents with abnormally short bones due to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary growth failure

Question 15

Which mineral is most abundant in the body and is primarily stored in the skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 16

Which three organ systems coordinate to maintain normal blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Bones, intestines, kidneys

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates osteoclasts to erode bone matrix and release stored calcium, thereby increasing blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 18

What is the effect of calcitonin on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Question 19

Which type of fracture is characterized by a break that projects through the skin, increasing the risk of infection?

Accepted Answer

Open (compound) fracture

Question 20

During fracture repair, which step involves the formation of a large clot that closes injured vessels?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation

Structure and Growth of Bones: An Overview for Anatomy & Physiology Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions