Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts break down bone matrix, releasing calcium and phosphate into the blood.

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally high blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 3

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone

Question 4

A child’s x-ray shows visible epiphyseal plates in the long bones of the hand. What does this indicate about the child’s bone growth?

Accepted Answer

The child’s bones are still capable of growing in length.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Development of cartilage model, formation of bone collar, invasion of blood vessels, formation of medullary cavity

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fractures?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis decreases the density of spongy bone, making bones more brittle.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the percentage of inorganic components in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$67\% = 39\% + 0.2\% + 0.7\% + 0.5\% + 17\% + 9.6\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It provides a route for blood vessels and nerves and serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments.

Question 9

A patient with kidney disease is unable to activate vitamin D efficiently. Which process related to bone health is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of calcium from the intestine

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste between osteocytes.

Question 11

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity, resulting in increased blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

A 60-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the underlying cellular mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Increased activity of osteoclasts compared to osteoblasts

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of both organic collagen fibers and inorganic mineral salts.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in increased bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Regular weight-bearing exercise such as running

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae and spaces for marrow.

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Low blood calcium} ightarrow 	ext{PTH secretion} ightarrow 	ext{Increased osteoclast activity} ightarrow 	ext{Increased blood calcium}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the central canal in an osteon?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone type and example?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone – vertebra

Question 20

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol

Study Guide: Bones and Bone Structure in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions