Q: Which equation represents the activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?

$$3 \text{Na}^+_{out} + 2 \text{K}^+_{in} + 1 \text{ATP} \rightarrow 3 \text{Na}^+_{out} + 2 \text{K}^+_{in}$$

Question 1

Which voltage-gated channel is responsible for the initial rapid depolarization phase of the action potential, as shown in the membrane potential graph?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na+ channel

Question 2

During the repolarization phase of the action potential, which ion moves out of the neuron, and through which channel?

Accepted Answer

K+ through voltage-gated K+ channel

Question 3

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 4

Which equation describes the resting membrane potential, considering the concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl- ions?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{m} = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{[Na^+]_{out} + [K^+]_{out} + [Cl^-]_{in}}{[Na^+]_{in} + [K^+]_{in} + [Cl^-]_{out}} \right)$$

Question 5

Which channels are primarily responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Na+/K+ ATPase pump and K+ leak channels

Question 6

If a neuron receives two stimuli close together in time, only one action potential occurs. Which period explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Absolute refractory period

Question 7

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 8

Which type of channel is found on the dendrites and is responsible for producing graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated Na+ channel

Question 9

What determines the direction of ion movement through an open channel?

Accepted Answer

The concentration gradient and electrical gradient

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the propagation of action potentials along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential is regenerated at each node of Ranvier

Question 11

Which of the following ions is heavily concentrated outside the neuron cell body at rest?

Accepted Answer

Na+

Question 12

Which of the following best describes an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

Accepted Answer

A depolarization caused by Na+ influx

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is terminated in the synaptic cleft by enzymatic degradation?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 14

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system would predominate if you were lying on the beach enjoying the sun and sounds of the waves?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic

Question 15

Which type of receptor would you find on skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic

Question 16

Which equation represents the activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3 	ext{Na}^+_{out} + 2 	ext{K}^+_{in} + 1 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 3 	ext{Na}^+_{out} + 2 	ext{K}^+_{in}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be generated regardless of stimulus strength

Question 18

Which of the following best describes temporal summation?

Accepted Answer

A single presynaptic neuron stimulates the postsynaptic neuron repeatedly in quick succession

Question 19

Which part of the brain is the main integration center of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials travel faster due to saltatory conduction

Study Guide: Nervous System Physiology and Muscle Contraction (ANP)

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