Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in restoring ionic conditions after an action potential?

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ \text{out} : 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of myelin in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It protects and insulates nerve fibers, speeding up nerve impulse transmission.

Question 2

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nervous system. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Slowed nerve impulse transmission in the PNS due to loss of myelin.

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

What is the primary function of the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a gap between axon terminals and the next neuron for neurotransmitter diffusion.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of depolarization during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions diffuse into the neuron, making the inside more positive.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in restoring ionic conditions after an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ 	ext{out} : 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 7

A person touches a hot stove and quickly pulls their hand away. Which sequence best describes the flow of information in the nervous system for this reflex?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists of myelinated fibers, while gray matter consists mostly of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They are the most abundant and versatile neuroglia, supporting neurons and maintaining the blood-brain barrier.

Question 10

Which type of neuron is most commonly found as motor neurons and interneurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 11

A patient is unable to feel deep pressure but can still sense light touch and pain. Which receptor is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Lamellar corpuscle

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells?

Accepted Answer

They are phagocytes that defend CNS cells.

Question 13

During the resting membrane potential, which ion is most abundant inside the neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{K}^+$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the propagation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

It involves depolarization of adjacent membrane patches, allowing the action potential to travel along the axon.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a proprioceptor, detecting changes in muscle tension.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS, while ganglia are in the PNS.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization → Repolarization → Resting membrane potential restored

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integration and interpretation of incoming sensory information.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where the action potential is typically initiated.

Study Guide: Nervous Tissue and the Nervous System

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