Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Distribute blood under high pressure to organs

Question 2

Atherosclerosis is most likely to affect which type of blood vessel, and what is the primary composition of the plaques formed?

Accepted Answer

Large and medium-sized muscular arteries; composed of lipids, cholesterol, calcium salts, and cellular debris

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between blood pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

$ P = CO 	imes PR $

Question 4

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscle increases dramatically. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for matching perfusion to the degree of exercise?

Accepted Answer

Stepwise vasodilation of feed arteries and terminal arterioles

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) using systolic and diastolic blood pressures?

Accepted Answer

$ MAP = DBP + \frac{SBP - DBP}{3} $

Question 6

Which capillary type is most likely to be found in the liver and allows large substances such as cells to cross its walls?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 7

A patient presents with severe hypotension after a gunshot wound. Which type of shock is most likely, and what is the primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock; reduced blood volume from blood loss

Question 8

Which hormone is the most powerful vasoconstrictor and plays a key role in long-term blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-II

Question 9

What is the effect of increased blood vessel radius on peripheral resistance and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreased resistance and decreased blood pressure

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why hypertension is called 'the silent killer'?

Accepted Answer

It usually has no symptoms until severe complications occur

Question 11

Which pressure is responsible for driving water out of the capillary during capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

Peripheral edema is most likely to occur when which of the following conditions is present?

Accepted Answer

Excessive water accumulates in the interstitial fluid of the legs and feet

Question 13

Which mechanism is NOT involved in venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Capillary exchange

Question 14

A patient with chronic hypertension is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney disease

Question 15

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of excessive vasodilation during anaphylactic shock?

Accepted Answer

Severe hypotension and risk of organ failure

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate, cardiac output, and pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of vein grafting in cardiovascular medicine?

Accepted Answer

Restoring blood flow to a blocked artery using the great saphenous vein

Question 18

Which capillary type is most likely to be found in the kidneys and allows large volumes of fluid and larger substances to cross its walls?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible cause of edema?

Accepted Answer

Increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased osmotic pressure in capillaries

Question 20

Which of the following statements about tissue perfusion in the heart is correct?

Accepted Answer

Perfusion decreases during systole and increases during diastole

Study Guide: The Cardiovascular System II – Blood Vessels (Chapter 18)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards