Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of cephalization in the evolution of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary increase in the number of neurons in the anterior portion of the CNS, resulting in the highest complexity in the human brain.

Question 2

During embryonic development, which adult brain structure arises from the metencephalon?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum and pons

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the distribution of gray and white matter in the CNS is correct?

Accepted Answer

In the cerebrum and cerebellum, gray matter forms an outer cortex and is also found in nuclei within white matter.

Question 4

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the precentral gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere. Which of the following deficits is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Loss of voluntary motor control on the right side of the body

Question 5

Which lobe of the cerebral hemisphere is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 6

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the concept of somatotopy in the primary motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

All muscles of the body can be mapped to specific areas on the primary motor cortex, forming a motor homunculus.

Question 8

A lesion in Broca’s area would most likely result in which of the following clinical symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in producing fluent speech

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the anterior association area (prefrontal cortex)?

Accepted Answer

Involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

Question 10

Which structure connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 11

A patient presents with an inability to recognize faces, despite having normal vision. Damage to which area of the cerebral cortex is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Visual association area

Question 12

Which of the following statements about lateralization of cortical function is correct?

Accepted Answer

The left hemisphere is dominant for language in about 90% of humans.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

They help regulate voluntary motor activities by influencing muscle movements.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

They are lined by ependymal cells and filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 15

A patient with damage to the posterior association area would most likely have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing patterns and faces

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the limbic association area?

Accepted Answer

It provides emotional impact and helps establish memories.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a lobe and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe – processing auditory information

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the premotor cortex?

Accepted Answer

Receiving visual information from the retinas

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the cerebral hemispheres fold during development?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area and fit more neurons within the limited space of the skull

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Lateral ventricles → interventricular foramen → third ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → fourth ventricle

Study Guide: The Central Nervous System (CNS) – Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards