Q: Which equation best represents the rate of antibody production by plasma cells during a primary immune response?

$$ \text{Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of antibodies produced}}{\text{Time (days)}} $$

Q: Which equation describes the relationship between antibody concentration and time during a secondary immune response?

$$ \text{Antibody concentration} = A \cdot e$$^{kt}$$ $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

TLRs recognize specific-shaped molecules on pathogens and trigger immune responses.

Question 2

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion and develops a reaction characterized by antibody binding to antigens on red blood cells, stimulating phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis. Which type of hypersensitivity is this?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (Type II)

Question 3

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in plasma and is responsible for conferring passive immunity from mother to fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

During an inflammatory response, which step involves neutrophils flattening and squeezing between endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 5

A virus-infected cell releases interferons (IFNs). What is the primary effect of these IFNs on neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate neighboring cells to produce proteins that block viral replication and degrade viral RNA.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the rate of antibody production by plasma cells during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of antibodies produced}}{	ext{Time (days)}} $$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results in immunological memory, while passive immunity does not.

Question 8

A patient with a genetic defect resulting in a marked deficit of B and T cells is diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). What is the most effective treatment?

Accepted Answer

Transplant of matched donor hematopoietic stem cells

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever increases metabolic rate, enhancing repair and T lymphocyte production.

Question 10

Which equation describes the relationship between antibody concentration and time during a secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Antibody concentration} = A \cdot e$$^{kt}$$ $$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells?

Accepted Answer

Dampen immune response by direct contact or by secreting inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of cytotoxic T cell killing?

Accepted Answer

Release of perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis in target cells.

Question 13

Which equation represents the probability of a lymphocyte recognizing a specific antigenic determinant, given $$n$$ possible determinants and $$m$$ types of lymphocyte receptors?

Accepted Answer

$$ P = \frac{m}{n} $$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Question 15

Which immunoglobulin class is a potent agglutinating agent and is the first antibody released during a primary response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 16

A patient develops an autoimmune disease after a streptococcal infection. Which mechanism best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies produced against foreign antigens cross-react with self-antigens.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding MHC restriction in T cell activation?

Accepted Answer

CD4 cells are restricted to binding antigens only on MHC class II proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells capture antigens and present them to T cells in lymph nodes, initiating adaptive immune responses.

Question 19

Which equation best represents the amplification of the inflammatory response by complement activation?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Amplification} = 	ext{Complement activation} 	imes 	ext{Number of antibodies bound} $$

Study Guide: The Immune System – Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards