Q: Which equation best represents the number of spermatids produced from one primary spermatocyte after meiosis?

$$1 \text{ primary spermatocyte} \xrightarrow{\text{meiosis I}} 2 \text{ secondary spermatocytes} \xrightarrow{\text{meiosis II}} 4 \text{ spermatids}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the gonads in the human reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

To produce gametes and sex hormones

Question 2

During puberty, what change occurs in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that allows reproductive organs to become functional?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to inhibition by sex hormones, increasing GnRH release

Question 3

Which accessory gland produces a yellowish, viscous, alkaline fluid that contains fructose and accounts for about 70% of semen volume?

Accepted Answer

Seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

Question 4

What is the role of the blood-testis barrier formed by sustentocytes in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

To protect developing spermatogenic cells from the immune system

Question 5

Which hormone stimulates interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells) to secrete testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 6

A patient presents with atrophy of accessory reproductive organs, decreased semen volume, and impaired erection. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of spermiogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Transformation of spermatids into sperm by elongation, loss of excess cytoplasm, and formation of a tail

Question 8

If the anterior pituitary fails to release FSH, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogenesis would decrease due to lack of androgen binding protein (ABP) release by sustentocytes

Question 9

Which equation best represents the number of spermatids produced from one primary spermatocyte after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ primary spermatocyte} \xrightarrow{	ext{meiosis I}} 2 	ext{ secondary spermatocytes} \xrightarrow{	ext{meiosis II}} 4 	ext{ spermatids}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the passage of sperm from the testes to the outside of the body?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis → Ductus deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra

Question 11

Which hormone exerts negative feedback specifically on FSH release from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Inhibin

Question 12

A male patient has low sperm count and low testosterone levels. Which of the following is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

Question 13

Which of the following is a somatic effect of testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Increased size and mass of bones and skeletal muscles

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why spermatogenic cells in the adluminal compartment are protected from the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They express new membrane antigens not recognized as 'self' by the immune system

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the fluid produced by the seminal glands?

Accepted Answer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Question 16

Which equation best represents the negative feedback regulation of testosterone on the HPG axis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Testosterone} ightarrow 	ext{Inhibits} ightarrow 	ext{Hypothalamus (GnRH)} 	ext{ and } 	ext{Anterior Pituitary (FSH, LH)}$$

Question 17

Which structure is responsible for producing the thick, clear mucus that lubricates the glans penis and neutralizes acidic urine in the urethra?

Accepted Answer

Bulbo-urethral gland

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of testosterone deficiency in adult males?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy of accessory organs, decreased semen volume, and impaired erection/ejaculation

Question 19

Which cell type in the seminiferous tubules is responsible for producing androgens, including testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the timeline of plasma testosterone levels in males?

Accepted Answer

Elevated before birth, falls after infancy, rises at puberty, remains stable in adulthood, declines in late life

Study Guide: The Male Reproductive System (Chapter 27, Marieb Human Anatomy & Physiology)

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