Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the gonads in the human reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

They produce gametes and sex hormones.

Question 2

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to initiate the hormonal cascade of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 3

During meiosis, what is the significance of crossing over (synapsis) in Prophase I?

Accepted Answer

It introduces genetic variability by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Question 4

A patient presents with infertility due to a lack of sperm motility. Which component of semen is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 5

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for storing and maturing sperm before ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the scrotum is located outside the body cavity?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature slightly lower than body temperature, which is necessary for viable sperm production

Question 7

Which cell type in the seminiferous tubules forms the blood-testis barrier and nourishes developing sperm?

Accepted Answer

Sustentocytes (Sertoli cells)

Question 8

A male patient has a mutation that prevents the release of luteinizing hormone (LH). Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased testosterone production

Question 9

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the secretion of high levels of progesterone and moderate estrogens?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Question 10

Why does the secondary oocyte only complete meiosis II if fertilization occurs?

Accepted Answer

Sperm penetration triggers the completion of meiosis II, ensuring only fertilized eggs become functional ova.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the effect of sustained high estrogen levels during the late follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

They trigger a positive feedback loop, resulting in a surge of LH and ovulation.

Question 12

A woman is taking a combined oral contraceptive pill containing estrogen and progesterone. What is the primary mechanism by which this prevents ovulation?

Accepted Answer

It provides strong negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, suppressing FSH and LH release.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one functional gamete per primary oocyte, while spermatogenesis produces four.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of inhibin in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits FSH release from the anterior pituitary, reducing sperm production.

Question 15

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of the corpus luteum. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Inability to maintain the endometrium for potential implantation

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs during the emission phase of ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Sperm are propelled into the urethra by peristalsis of the ductus deferens.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the endometrium sloughs off during menstruation if fertilization does not occur?

Accepted Answer

The corpus luteum degenerates, causing a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of testosterone on the male body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus spongiosum during erection?

Accepted Answer

It engorges with blood but remains softer to keep the urethra open for ejaculation.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why only one follicle typically becomes dominant and ovulates during each ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

The dominant follicle secretes high levels of estrogen, suppressing FSH and causing atresia of other follicles.

Study Guide: The Reproductive System (Chapter 27) – Human Anatomy & Physiology

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