Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum in a long bone?

Accepted Answer

It covers the outer surface of the bone and serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally high blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be elevated, and what is its primary effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; increases deposition of bone matrix

Question 3

Which structure in a skeletal muscle fiber is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the primary role of the epiphyseal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It allows for continued lengthening of the long bone until puberty.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why a person with Marfan’s syndrome is at increased risk for cardiovascular complications?

Accepted Answer

Defective connective tissue affects the integrity of blood vessels and the heart.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ACh binds to receptors → Sarcolemma depolarizes → Ca$$^{2+}$$ released from SR → Myosin binds actin

Question 7

A muscle fiber is unable to relax after contraction. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient ATP to detach myosin heads from actin

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone in a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the diaphysis and outer cortices, while spongy bone is found in the epiphyses and lining the marrow cavity.

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of motor unit recruitment?

Accepted Answer

A person gradually increases the force of grip on a tennis racket by activating more motor units.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of osteoclasts in bone physiology?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts dissolve bone matrix, increasing blood calcium levels.

Question 11

A patient with pituitary growth failure would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Short stature due to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why appositional growth increases the diameter of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

New lamellae are added to the outside of the bone, deep to the periosteum.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the endosteum in bone?

Accepted Answer

It lines the marrow cavity and contains cells involved in bone growth and repair.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for the relationship between force, lever arm, and torque in the context of bone movement?

Accepted Answer

$$T = F 	imes r$$

Study Notes: The Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems with Endocrine and Sensory Integration

Study Guide - Practice Questions