Q: Which equation best represents the conversion of glycogen to glucose during sympathetic activation?

$$\text{Glycogen} \rightarrow \text{Glucose}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the neurotransmitter release at the synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

$$\text{Preganglionic neuron} \xrightarrow{\text{ACh}} \text{Postganglionic neuron}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

$$\text{Sympathetic stimulation} \rightarrow \text{Increased heart rate and force}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the neurotransmitter released by all preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 2

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and reduced digestive activity. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for parasympathetic innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs?

Accepted Answer

X Vagus

Question 4

In the somatic nervous system, which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathway of the sympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neurons are short and postganglionic neurons are long

Question 6

Which receptor type is found on all postganglionic neurons and skeletal muscle cells, and is always excitatory?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptor

Question 7

A drug that blocks muscarinic receptors would most likely affect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic effector cells

Question 8

Which equation best represents the conversion of glycogen to glucose during sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glycogen} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?

Accepted Answer

Increased saliva production

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released by most sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 11

A patient with damage to the lateral horns of the thoracic spinal cord would most likely have impaired function in which division?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of beta adrenergic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates heart and relaxes airways

Question 13

Which pathway is used by somatic motor neurons to reach their effector organs?

Accepted Answer

One-neuron pathway from CNS to skeletal muscle

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Question 15

Which equation best represents the neurotransmitter release at the synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Preganglionic neuron} \xrightarrow{	ext{ACh}} 	ext{Postganglionic neuron}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on target cells can vary?

Accepted Answer

The effect depends on the type of receptor present on the target cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

A person running from a dangerous animal experiences increased heart rate and dilated pupils

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the location of parasympathetic ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Near or within the effector organ

Question 19

Which equation best represents the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Sympathetic stimulation} ightarrow 	ext{Increased heart rate and force}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a multi-step process involving both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

During a stressful event, the sympathetic division increases heart rate and inhibits digestion, while after the event, the parasympathetic division decreases heart rate and stimulates digestion.

The Autonomic Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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