$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10} [\text{H}^+]$$

Question 1

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure and transporting hydrophobic molecules in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 2

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which molecule is most likely elevated in their blood, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Elevated bilirubin due to liver dysfunction or rapid RBC breakdown

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the tunica media in arteries?

Accepted Answer

Regulates vessel diameter through contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle

Question 4

During erythropoiesis, which cell type is released from the bone marrow and matures into an erythrocyte within 24 hours?

Accepted Answer

Reticulocyte

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10} [	ext{H}^+]$$

Question 6

Which type of capillary is most likely found in the liver and allows passage of large molecules such as albumin?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillary

Question 7

What is the primary mechanism by which skeletal muscle contraction aids venous return?

Accepted Answer

Compresses veins, pushing blood toward the heart and preventing backflow via venous valves

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Factor XII → Factor XI → Factor IX → Factor X

Question 9

A tissue with high metabolic activity will have which of the following characteristics regarding capillary density?

Accepted Answer

Higher capillary density to facilitate rapid exchange of gases and nutrients

Question 10

Which of the following statements best explains why veins are considered compliance vessels?

Accepted Answer

Veins have thin, elastic walls that allow them to stretch and accommodate large volumes of blood

Question 11

Which feedback mechanism is involved in platelet plug formation during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 12

Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein and is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 13

What is the normal pH range of arterial blood, and what condition results if pH rises above this range?

Accepted Answer

7.35–7.45; alkalosis

Question 14

Which formed element is a non-nucleated, membrane-bound fragment involved in clotting?

Accepted Answer

Platelet (thrombocyte)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the respiratory pump in venous return?

Accepted Answer

Creates a pressure gradient by lowering thoracic pressure, facilitating blood flow toward the heart

Question 16

Which blood vessel layer is composed primarily of smooth muscle and is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 17

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adult hemoglobin consists of two alpha and two beta subunits

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of monocytes after leaving circulation?

Accepted Answer

Developing into macrophages and performing phagocytosis

Question 19

Which pathway of the coagulation cascade is triggered by external tissue injury?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why arteries are considered resistance vessels?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thick, muscular, and elastic walls that allow them to withstand and regulate high pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood and Blood Vessels

Study Guide - Practice Questions