$$\text{Stroke Volume} = 130\,\text{mL} - 60\,\text{mL} = 70\,\text{mL}$$

$$\text{CO} = 80 \times 75 \div 1000 = 6\,\text{L/min}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products.

Question 2

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 3

During CPR, why is it important to compress the chest at least 2 inches deep and at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute?

Accepted Answer

To manually pump blood to vital organs, especially the brain

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the heart valve with its function?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary valve – prevents backflow into the right ventricle

Question 5

A patient has an end diastolic volume (EDV) of 130 mL and an end systolic volume (ESV) of 60 mL. What is their stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Stroke Volume} = 130\,	ext{mL} - 60\,	ext{mL} = 70\,	ext{mL}$$

Question 6

Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 7

What is the main difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle regarding action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has an extended action potential and longer refractory period.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the path of blood flow through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 9

A patient’s ECG shows an abnormal QRS complex. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization is abnormal

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct consequence of coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood flow to the myocardium, leading to ischemia

Question 11

If a patient’s heart rate is 80 beats/min and their stroke volume is 75 mL/beat, what is their cardiac output in L/min?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO} = 80 	imes 75 \div 1000 = 6\,	ext{L/min}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricular wall is thicker than the right?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring higher pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the refractory period in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the heart from entering tetanus and ensures rhythmic contractions.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Cardiac Output} = 	ext{Heart Rate} 	imes 	ext{Stroke Volume} \div 1000$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the pacemaker, initiating the heartbeat.

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely result from a malfunction of the chordae tendineae?

Accepted Answer

Backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the pericardial fluid?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates the heart and reduces friction during contractions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

It increases heart rate and cardiac output.

Question 19

A patient with a heart murmur is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal blood flow due to valve insufficiency or stenosis

The Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Physiology of the Heart

Study Guide - Practice Questions