Question 1

Which layer of the heart is responsible for the contractile function and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

During ventricular systole, which heart valves are open to allow blood flow out of the ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves

Question 3

A patient presents with valve stenosis. Which of the following best describes the effect of this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Valve is not opening fully, restricting blood flow

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents stroke volume ($$SV) in $$terms of end-diastolic volume ($$EDV) $$and end-systolic volume ($$ESV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 5

Which structure is the primary pacemaker of the heart, initiating the action potential that spreads through the conduction system?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 6

In the cardiac cycle, what event occurs immediately after the closure of the AV valves?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid electrical communication between cells

Question 8

A patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to left-sided heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary congestion

Question 9

Which of the following statements about coronary circulation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of blood clots and stroke

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the stretch of cardiac muscle fibers, the stronger the contraction

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the conduction pathway in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 14

If a patient has a blockage in the left coronary artery, which region of the heart is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

It protects and anchors the heart within the thoracic cavity

Question 16

During the cardiac action potential, which ion is primarily responsible for the plateau phase?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$Ca^{2+})$$

Question 17

Which of the following conditions is most likely to result from valve incompetence?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker myocardium than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and contractility

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards