Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Structure-Function Principle as it relates to cell diversity?

Accepted Answer

Cell structure varies to optimize the cell's function in its specific environment.

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for stabilizing its fluid structure during temperature changes?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 3

A patient with cystic fibrosis has a mutation affecting a chloride ion channel. Which organelle is most directly involved in the destruction of the misfolded channel protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar molecules and can pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 5

During osmosis, water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of ______ solute concentration to an area of ______ solute concentration.

Accepted Answer

lower; higher

Question 6

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink or crenate

Question 7

Which equation best represents the driving force for passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta C = C_{high} - C_{low} $$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion involves membrane proteins to transport polar or charged solutes.

Question 10

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water enters the cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the movement of water molecules during osmosis.

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 14

Which equation best represents the osmotic pressure exerted by solute molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Pi = iCRT $$

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of drinking excessive plain water during severe dehydration?

Accepted Answer

ECF becomes hypotonic, causing cells to swell and possibly lyse.

Question 16

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles such as bacteria by immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It uses specific membrane receptors to selectively engulf molecules into vesicles.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 19

Which cellular extension increases surface area for absorption in organs such as the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting worn-out cell components and invading bacteria

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

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