$$\text{Glucose} + \text{O}_2 + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium exchange pump in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst because water enters the cell due to osmosis.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face both the cytosol and the extracellular fluid.

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What will happen to the cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink (crenate) due to water leaving the cells.

Question 6

Which process describes the movement of glucose into a cell when it is too large to pass through membrane channels, but does not require energy?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is responsible for forming the spindle apparatus during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular waste

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are small, nonpolar molecules.

Question 10

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Finishing and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 12

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pores. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They bind specific ligands and trigger cellular responses.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{O}_2 + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 16

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits all carrier-mediated transport. Which of the following processes would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of glucose

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is loosely coiled DNA, while chromosomes are tightly coiled during cell division.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

Its components, including phospholipids and proteins, move laterally within the layer.

Question 19

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of cholesterol by liver cells via LDL receptors

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport (Chapter 3 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions