Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It controls what moves into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell that contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and a plasma membrane. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic cell.

Question 3

Which process moves molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using ATP?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 4

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Building proteins

Question 5

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low to high solute concentration

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly burst due to water gain.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Helping the cell move and keep its shape

Question 9

Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 10

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and shipping materials

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Copying DNA into mRNA inside the nucleus

Question 12

A cell engulfs a large particle by wrapping its membrane around it and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for moving chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses protein channels to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 15

What would happen to a cell if its plasma membrane lost its selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

The cell would not be able to control what enters and exits, leading to loss of function.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting cellular waste and debris

Question 17

During protein synthesis, what is the role of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining ion gradients in neurons

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and helping the cell move

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions