Q: The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. Which equation best represents the stoichiometry of this pump?

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}} : 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, regulates transport, communicates with other cells, and identifies the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic.

Question 3

Which of the following is a property of the phospholipid bilayer that is critical for plasma membrane function?

Accepted Answer

It is fluid, allowing lateral movement of phospholipids and proteins.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar and small, allowing them to pass through the hydrophobic core.

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will gain water, swell, and may lyse.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins that distinguishes them from phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Acting as channels, carriers, receptors, enzymes, structural support, or linkers.

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. Which equation best represents the stoichiometry of this pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} : 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}}$$

Question 8

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the majority of ATP production in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits RNA polymerase. Which cellular process will be directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis (transcription)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Question 11

A genetic mutation causes a defect in the dynein protein. Which cellular structure would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Cilia and flagella

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between osmosis and simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why lysosomal storage diseases are often fatal in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

Undigested substances accumulate, disrupting cellular and organ function.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They detoxify chemicals, metabolize fatty acids, and synthesize certain phospholipids.

Question 15

A cell is unable to produce functional actin filaments. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction and cell movement

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Each amino acid is specified by a triplet of nucleotides called a codon.

Question 17

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from a concentration gradient established by primary active transport to move another substance.

Question 19

A cell is exposed to a drug that blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle. Which phase of mitosis will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of a cell losing its anchorage to its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

It will halt growth and division.

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Processes (Chapter 3 Study Notes)

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