$$\text{Glucose} + \text{O}_2 + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, regulates exchange with the environment, and maintains sensitivity to extracellular signals.

Question 2

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will undergo which of the following changes?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink, a process known as crenation.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

During aerobic metabolism, mitochondria use oxygen to produce ATP. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{O}_2 + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing lubrication and protection, anchoring, and cell recognition

Question 6

A mutation in a repressor gene that fails to inhibit cell division can lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell proliferation and potentially cancer

Question 7

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward a solution with higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

What is the primary function of ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and folding of proteins for export or membrane insertion

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP from glucose

Question 11

A cell in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Gain water and may rupture (hemolysis)

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal component is responsible for muscle contraction by interacting with myosin?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 13

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to transport molecules too large for channel proteins, following the concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the engulfment of large particles, such as bacteria, by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of bacteria, breakdown of molecules, and recycling of damaged organelles

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Question 17

Which of the following is true about membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It results from the separation of positive and negative charges across the plasma membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

They spread into surrounding tissues and can metastasize to other areas.

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal structure is responsible for moving organelles within the cell and forming the spindle apparatus during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 20

Cellular differentiation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Cells turn off genes not needed by that cell, allowing for specialized cell types.

The Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions