Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water leaving the cell

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why glucose requires a carrier protein to cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule that cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic core of the membrane

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the cell and aiding in cell recognition

Question 6

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA

Question 9

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of lysosomes. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and cellular debris

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves 2 K+ ions in and 3 Na+ ions out per cycle

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription copies DNA into mRNA, translation uses mRNA to synthesize proteins

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell’s ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 14

A cell in the lining of the small intestine has many microvilli. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize toxins by oxidation

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs solid particles using pseudopodia

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between somatic cells and sex cells?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells undergo mitosis, sex cells undergo meiosis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a cell is more negative than the outside?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump moves more Na+ out than K+ in

The Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions