Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To process food, extract nutrients, and eliminate residue

Question 2

Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

Accepted Answer

Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 5

What is the main role of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)?

Accepted Answer

To prevent stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

A series of hydrolysis reactions that break macromolecules into monomers

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the five stages of digestion?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, defecation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the enteric nervous system is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Activates pepsin and lingual lipase

Question 10

Which cell type in the gastric glands secretes pepsinogen?

Accepted Answer

Chief cells

Question 11

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor would most likely develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of bile acids in digestion?

Accepted Answer

They emulsify fats to increase surface area for lipase action

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absorption of monosaccharides in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Fructose is absorbed by facilitated diffusion and converted to glucose within enterocytes

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

It reabsorbs water and electrolytes and compacts feces

Question 16

A patient presents with jaundice, poor fat digestion, and impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones obstructing the bile duct

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lactose intolerance causes diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Lactose increases the osmolarity of intestinal contents, causing water retention in the colon

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absorption of lipids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons are absorbed into lacteals of the villi

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the gut microbiome in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Digesting cellulose and synthesizing vitamins B and K

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the neural control of defecation?

Accepted Answer

It involves both intrinsic and parasympathetic reflexes

The Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation A&P 202 CH 25

Study Guide - Practice Questions