Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for the absorption of glucose in the small intestine?

$$\text{Glucose}_{\text{lumen}} + \text{Na}^+_{\text{lumen}} \rightarrow \text{Glucose}_{\text{epithelial cell}} + \text{Na}^+_{\text{epithelial cell}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients and chemical digestion

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty absorbing vitamin B12. Which gastric secretion is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the layers of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 4

Which process is responsible for moving food through the esophagus to the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 5

A patient with chronic heartburn is diagnosed with GERD. Which anatomical structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal (gastroesophageal) sphincter

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing surface area for lipase action

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Question 9

A patient with cirrhosis is most likely to have impaired function of which organ?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 10

Which of the following statements about peristalsis and segmentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis propels food forward, segmentation mixes food

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Production of bile

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for preventing food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Uvula

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the absorption of amino acids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are absorbed by cotransport with sodium ions

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the defecation reflex?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic signals stimulate contraction of the rectum and relaxation of the internal anal sphincter

Question 15

Which of the following is a homeostatic imbalance caused by Helicobacter pylori infection?

Accepted Answer

Peptic or gastric ulcers

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for the absorption of glucose in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{lumen}} + 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{lumen}} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{epithelial cell}} + 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{epithelial cell}}$$

Question 17

A patient has a blockage at the hepatopancreatic ampulla. Which digestive processes would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemical digestion and absorption in the small intestine

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the liver related to digestion?

Accepted Answer

Production of bile

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the myenteric nerve plexus?

Accepted Answer

Controls motility of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of the regions of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

The Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Processes

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