Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary endocrine organs?

Accepted Answer

Primary endocrine organs secrete hormones as their main function, while secondary endocrine organs secrete hormones as a secondary function.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive urination and dehydration. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 4

A tumor in the adrenal cortex causes excessive secretion of cortisol. What type of hormone disorder is this?

Accepted Answer

Primary hypersecretion

Question 5

Which of the following feedback mechanisms is described as the inhibition of hypothalamic tropic hormones by anterior pituitary tropic hormones?

Accepted Answer

Short loop negative feedback

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by acting on bones, kidneys, and intestines?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A patient with acromegaly is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic hormones have a longer half-life in the blood than hydrophilic hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are transported bound to carrier proteins and can be stored in fatty tissue.

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is primarily responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of hormone antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin decreases blood glucose while glucagon increases blood glucose.

Question 11

A patient is unable to produce sufficient thyroid hormone. Which of the following effects would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased metabolic rate and impaired growth

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?

Accepted Answer

It allows tropic hormones from the hypothalamus to reach the anterior pituitary efficiently.

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and regulates sodium reabsorption by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 15

A patient with a tumor in the anterior pituitary secretes excess ACTH. What is the expected effect on CRH and cortisol levels?

Accepted Answer

CRH decreases, cortisol increases

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of hormone permissiveness?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone is required for epinephrine to cause bronchodilation.

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates sodium and potassium levels?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why only free hormone can bind to receptors and produce an effect?

Accepted Answer

Hormones bound to carrier proteins are not available to interact with target cell receptors.

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the placenta and can be used to determine pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 20

A patient is experiencing symptoms of hyposecretion of insulin. Which disease is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus type 1

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

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