Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system acts at specific locations via axon pathways, while the endocrine system acts at diffuse locations via the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is one of its primary actions?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of hormonal stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic hormones stimulating the anterior pituitary to release its hormones.

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); stimulates kidney tubules to reabsorb water.

Question 5

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal cortex is likely to have abnormal levels of which hormone, and what is a possible effect?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol; increased blood glucose levels.

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of hormone antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowering blood glucose and glucagon raising blood glucose.

Question 7

Which gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, and what is its primary role?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland; regulates sleep-wake cycles.

Question 8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 9

A person is experiencing dehydration. Which hormone would be released to help conserve water, and what is its mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of thyroid hormone on the body?

Accepted Answer

Increases basal metabolic rate and body heat.

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells, and what is its effect on blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a humoral stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Low blood calcium triggering parathyroid hormone release.

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 14

A patient has high blood pressure due to increased sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Which hormone is likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine for the fight-or-flight response.

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood glucose, and what is its effect on the liver?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; stimulates glycogen formation.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of hormone synergism?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon and epinephrine together producing more glucose than either alone.

Question 18

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 19

A patient with damage to the pancreatic beta cells would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose due to lack of insulin.

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and helps lower blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions